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| Bio Medical Waste Management |
Bio-Medical Waste Management and Handling rules 1998 notes, Meaning of Biomedical waste, Scope, Method of disposal.
CONTENT
1) Introduction of Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
2) Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
3) Scope and Application Of Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
4) Meaning of Bio-Medical Waste.
5) Prescribed Authority for Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
6) Advisor Committee.
7) Annual Report.
8) Method of Disposal.
9) Segregation while Handling.
Introduction.
The modern mankind live in an environment which is greatly polluted mostly because of their own torturous activities on the environment and the pollution created by the mankind is again a threat to themselves. The industrialization has already enlightened the speed of pollution and therefore waste management emerge as a concern of the hour. Solid, liquid or gaseous substances may pollute the environmental and ecological balance. Such substances are potential threat to the living beings and also to the environment.
The management, control and disposal of hazardous substances and solid wastes is regulated under the Environment (protection) Act, 1986. Rules for management, regulation, handling and disposal of hazardous wastes and solid waste have been framed by the central government as per the provisions of the Environment(protection) Act, 1986.
Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
The Central Government exercising the powers as conferred in the sections 6, 8 and 25 of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 has enacted the Bio-Medical waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998. They laid out 14 different rules and 6 schedules There are 14 Rules and 6 schedules which were made effective from July 27, 1998. This rule saw further amendment in 2016.
These Rules mainly focus to implement a licensing system followed by a reporting mechanism on bio-medical waste generated by hospitals, climes, blood bank and other organization. All persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose or handle bio-medical waste in any form come under the scanner of these rules.
Meaning of Bio-Medical Waste.
“Bio-Medical waste” means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in production or testing of biological, and including categories mentioned in schedules-I.
Schedule-I has mentioned ten (10) categories of bio-medical waste which includes :– (i) human Anatomical waster (ii) Animal waste (iii) Microbiology and Biotechnology waste (iv) Waste sharps (v) Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs (vi) Solid waste (vii) Solid waste (viii) Chemical waste.
Rule 4 provides that is shall be the duty of every occupier of an institution generating bio-medical waste to take all steps to ensure that such waste is properly channeled.
Prescribed Authority.
Rule 7 entrusts the responsibility on the prescribed authority to ensure the enforcement of the provisions of these Rules. In this concern, the State Pollution Control Board shall act as prescribed authority in respect of states and the Pollution Control Committee in respect of Union Territories.
Advisor Committee.
Rule 9 (i) makes it obligatory for the State Govt/ Union Territories to constitute and Advisory Committee which shall includes experts in the field of medical and health, veterinary science, animal husbandry, environment management, or other related departments including non Govt agencies. The committee is conferred the duty to advise the Government in respect of the matter relating to implementation of Bio-Medical waste (Management and Handling) Rules.
Annual Report.
Rule 8 provides that, the occupies/ operator of the hospital/ institution shall submit an annual report containing information regarding the categories and quantities of bio-medical waste handled and disposed of during the preceding years to the Prescribe Authority. The prescribed Authority shall send the same with its remarks to the Central Pollution Board before 31st March of every year is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the environment.
Method of Disposal.
Various methods to be adopted for disposal of bio-medical wastes are shown from schedule I of the Rules. Some of them are :-
(a) Incineration, (b) Deep burial, (c) local autoclaves (d) Micro-waving, (e) Mutilation, (f) disposal in landfills, (g) disinfection and (h) Chemical treatment.
This methods to be adopted here for disposal of wastes mainly depends on the nature of the category provides in schedule I of the Rules.
Segregation while Handling.
As per Rule 6, different coloured plastic bags have to be used for collection of bio medical wastes and labeled as prescribed in schedule III. Such wastes shall be transported only on authorized vehicles. Rule 6 further requires that no untreated bio-medical waste shall be kept beyond 48 hours without the permission of the competent authority.
As per Rule 11, the institution/ hospital generating such wastes shall be duty bound to maintain a proper record regarding the generation collection, reception, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste.
Further Rule 12 applies to implement the sending of accident report to the Prescribe Authority, which is occurs during the storage, handling or transportation of such bio-medical waste.
Rule 13 is a provision relating to appeal against the order of the prescribe Authority within 30 days from the date on which the order was communicated to such authority.
Rule 14 provides that the Municipal Boards or Urban Local Boards, as the case may be shall be responsible for providing suitable common disposal/ incineration sites for the bio-medical waste generated within their territorial jurisdiction.
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